LDL-, HDL- serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerides were determined in all subjects for analysis.Īll participants denominated "administrative staff" carried out activities such as laboratory technicians, clerks, cleaning or maintenance in the School of Medicine of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, located in the central region of México. During seven months follow-up, a sample of 102 from a total of 134 adult school-workers (76% participation rate) completed anthropometric and dietary data. The data used in this study were obtained from 102 healthy adults. These conditions make diet poor in quality therefore, the study of DP has special interest.įor this study, our principal aim was to identify major dietary patterns associated with central-obesity and serum lipid concentrations in healthy Mexican adults. In contrast, the food group with the highest consumption was sweetened beverages 15. This dietary situation seems to remain currently, since ENSANUT 2016 reported that one-half of the adults in Mexico eat fruits while only 42.3% eat vegetables. A very low percentage of Mexican adults (< 35%) consume the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, making Mexico one of the countries with the lowest consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide 12. With respect to diet, the first study of adherence to the World Health Organization dietary recommendations in Mexico reported the presence of a double burden of malnutrition in some segments of the population. Particularly in young healthy adults in Mexico, researchers have found that abdominal obesity is the most prevalent metabolic syndrome component 14. It is known that obesity increases the risk for diabetes mellitus 12, 13. Mexican adults have reported a rapid increase in hypercholesterolemia, hypertriacylglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol trends since past decades 10, being the most common lipid abnormality low HDL-cholesterol, a condition that promotes cardiovascular risk factors for morbidity and mortality in addition to the burden of chronic diseases in Mexico 11.Īccording to the last National Health and Nutrition Survey carried out in 2016 (ENSANUT 2016), the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Mexican adults was 65.4% for men and 87.7% for women. Also, in a multi-city cohort study, authors reported that a prudent DP was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of apo B, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, but a western DP, characterized by higher intake of eggs, pastry-cakes, pizza, snacks, refined grains, red meat, vegetable oils and poultry was not 9. Since 2009, a cross-sectional study revealed that DP including cereals, small fish, crackers, fruits-vegetables, and olive oil were related to a beneficial cardiovascular disease risk profile, in contrast with those DP with sweets, red meat, margarine, nuts with salt and cheese, which were related to an unfavorable risk profile in adults 7.Ī recent meta-analysis determined that prudent DP have positive effects on biomarkers associated with adiposity, insulin resistance and especially with inflammation in adults 8.
Therefore, low consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber, and high consumption of energy, sugars, saturated fats and animal protein increase the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity, considered as a public health problem worldwide. The evidence is still inconsistent, especially in young and healthy people only a few epidemiological studies have demonstrated association between DP and serum lipid concentrations 5, 6.
The principal component analysis method (PCA) extracts correlation coefficients between foods or dietary elements to classify subjects in groups according to their consumption 1, 2.Įvidence based on prospective studies indicates that prudent DP (high intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish, and low intakes of saturated fats) were associated with decreased cardiovascular disease in the general population, while those DP with high intake of red or processed meats, sugars or alcoholic beverages were associated with an increased risk 3, 4. Dietary patterns analysis (DP) has emerged as a useful method for the description of relationships between diet and health. Poor diet increases risk for chronic and metabolic diseases such as obesity and dyslipidemias. Diet related diseases are on the rise worldwide.